Type 3 Acromion and Acromion Pain When Pressed

The acromion is a bony projection on the scapula (shoulder blade) that forms the highest point of the shoulder. Variations in the shape of the acromion can significantly impact shoulder health. One such variation, known as type 3 acromion, is associated with increased risk of shoulder impingement and pain. Understanding type 3 acromion, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help manage and alleviate shoulder discomfort effectively.

Type 3 Acromion Anatomy:

• The acromion has different shapes classified by Bigliani: type 1 (flat), type 2 (curved), and type 3 (hooked)​
• Type 3 acromion has a hooked shape that reduces the subacromial space, increasing the likelihood of impingement where the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa are compressed between the acromion and the humeral head​

Impingement and Rotator Cuff Issues:

• The hooked acromion causes mechanical compression of the rotator cuff tendons during arm movements, particularly overhead activities​
• This compression leads to inflammation, known as bursitis, and can result in rotator cuff tears over time due to repeated friction​

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Common Symptoms:

• Persistent shoulder pain, especially during activities involving lifting the arm overhead or repetitive shoulder movements.
• Pain when pressing on the acromion.
• Stiffness, weakness, and reduced range of motion in the shoulder.
• Pain that worsens at night or when lying on the affected shoulder​

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It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe or persistent shoulder pain that does not improve with rest or over-the-counter medications.
• Symptoms of weakness, numbness, or tingling in the arm.
• Inability to perform everyday activities due to shoulder pain

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Conservative Treatments:

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms. Modify activities to reduce stress on the shoulder.
• Physical Therapy: Focused exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, improve shoulder mechanics, and enhance flexibility. Physical therapy also includes posture correction and scapular stabilization exercises.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation. Corticosteroid injections may be used to alleviate severe inflammation and pain temporarily.
• Icing: Applying ice packs to the shoulder to reduce swelling and pain.

Surgical Interventions:

• Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression (ASD): In cases where conservative treatments fail, surgery may be required to remove part of the acromion to create more space for the rotator cuff tendons. This minimally invasive procedure helps reduce impingement and allows for smoother shoulder movement.

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Recovery depends on the severity of the condition and the chosen treatment plan. Most individuals experience significant improvement with conservative treatments, while those undergoing surgery can expect a structured rehabilitation program to restore shoulder function.

Type 3 acromion can lead to significant shoulder impingement and pain, impacting daily activities and quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate management, including rest, physical therapy, medications, and possibly surgery, can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications. Consulting with a healthcare provider for a personalized treatment plan is crucial for effective recovery.